2-GENERAL ENGLISH FOR S.S.C., BANKING, & TEACHERS' EXAMS.

LESSON NO.2

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE (OBJECT AND COMPLEMENT)

1. Rain started.
2. Traffic stopped.
3. People gathered.
4. Amit started his car.
5. He stopped Ravi.
6. They gathered their luggage.
7. Amit is a doctor.
8. He is tall.

 

Revise the definitions of Subject and Predicate. 

 

1. The subject can be any person, place, or thing.

2. The predicate consists of just the verb (sentences nos. 1 to 3). The predicate may have an object (sentences nos. 4 to 6) "OR"  the predicate may have a Complement (sentences. no. 7 and 8).

 

This is an interesting curiosity of the English language that :

 

(i) Sometimes the subject just needs the verb and nothing else (1 to 3). This is so because the sense is completed just by the verb itself.

(ii) At times,  the same verb needs an object (4 to 6 ) for completing the sense. The action must pass on to an object. Otherwise, the sentence will not be complete. 

(iii) However, there are certain verbs that need a complement or completer. These verbs mostly relate to the verbs of condition. (is, am, are, was, and were, etc). The condition stated here is confined to the subject, but the sense is not clear. Hence, we supply a complement. We may be able to understand it through an example of the most noteworthy and emblematic personality  of the twentieth century:

 

Mahatma Gandhi was.  

He was. But the sense is not clear.

The condition stated is not going over to any object It is confined to Mahatma Gandhi. But the sense is not clear. In such a case, we use a complement or completer. The complement can be a noun or an adjective. 

 

1. Mahatma Gandhi was a saint. (noun)

2 Mahatma Gandhi was trustworthy. (adjective)

 

SUMMARY OF THE LESSON: 

 

1. Any person, place, or thing can be the Subject. 

2. Predicate means that   every, person, place, or thing in this world will have "action" OR  "condition." 

N.B. : heat, improvement, account, sensation, anger, etc are not visible but they are things and can perform an  action or possess a  condition 

WITH REGARD TO THE ACTION OF A SUBJECT:

(a) With regard to the action, we know that at times the action remains confined to that person, place, or thing and the sense is clear. (1 to 3)

(b) With regard to the going-over of the action to an object, we can say that it happens when the action stated by the verb does not clear the sense itself. It needs an object. (4 to 6)

WITH REGARD TO THE CONDITION OF A SUBJECT: 

(a) The condition stated remains confined to the subject. But the sense is not clear. Then, we need a complement or completer for fulfilling the sense of the verb. (7 to 8)

                                                               

 

EXERCISE NO. 3

 Supply the subject to each sentence in the following  sentences:

1.      _____________   give us milk.

2.      This  ______ barks at  seeing strangers.

3.      ______ fly swiftly for food.

4.      This ______ mews for milk very sharply.

5.      ___________ is the best policy.

6.      _____________ chirp for crumbs of bread in this garden.

7.      _________ shines at night.

8.      The ______ is blue.

9.      The _____ sets in the west.

10.  _________ is strength.

EXERCISE NO. 4

 

Supply a one-word  object to each sentence in the following sentence:

1.    The baby wanted _______.

2.    Ravi wrote a  __________.

3.    He bought a ________.

4.    He saw a __________.

5.    I pushed the __________.

6.    He received  a ________.

7.    They shouted ____________.

8.    People gathered __________

9.    These boys play _______.

10.  We fly  _________.

                               

 

EXERCISE NO.5. 

 

 Supply a complement (a noun or adjective) to the following sentences:

1.    This boy is a good __________.

2.    Our Prime Minister is ______.

3.    Gandhiji was  ___________.

4.    I am a __________.

5.    My father is _________.

6.    This building was  ________.

7.    Those boys were  ________.

8.    Ravi is  _________.

9.    He was  _____.

10. Our country is _______.

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N.B.  : ENGLISH IS A LIFE-LONG ACQUISITION."  YOU  WILL USE IT FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE;  ALMOST EVERYDAY. THIS LIFE-LONG PROPERTY  NEEDS TIME AND FOCUS. PLEASE FOLLOW THE GUIDELINES EARNESTLY. TRY TO MEMORIZE THE DEFINITIONS. THEY ARE LIKE TABLES IN MATHEMATICS. SO FAR, WE HAVE COVERED TWO DEFINITIONS, TO WIT SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. TAKE CARE. MAY GOD BLESS YOU ALL!