Thursday 22 October 2020

Deadlock Handling Strategies

 


The various strategies for handling deadlock are-


  • Deadlock Prevention
  • Deadlock Avoidance
  • Deadlock Detection and Recovery
  • Deadlock Ignorance

Deadlock Prevention

It ensure that the four condition for deadlock do not occur simultaneously.

Deadlock Avoidance-

  • It analyses the allocation state to determine whether granting a request of resource might to deadlock later.
  • Banker’s Algorithm is an example of a deadlock avoidance strategy.
  • RAG (Resource Allocation Graph) is also is an example of a deadlock avoidance strategy.

Deadlock Detection and Recovery-

  • This strategy involves waiting until a deadlock occurs.
  • After deadlock occurs, the system state is recovered.
  • The main challenge with this approach is detecting the deadlock.

Deadlock Ignorance-

  • This strategy involves ignoring the concept of deadlock and assuming as if it does not exist.
  • This strategy helps to avoid the extra overhead of handling deadlock.
  • Windows and Linux use this strategy and it is the most widely used method.
  • It is also called as Ostrich approach.

Deadlock in OS | Conditions for Deadlock

 


Deadlock in OS-

Two or more processes are said to be in deadlock if they are waiting for the happing of an event, which would never happen.

The execution of two or more processes is blocked because each process holds some resource and waits for another resource held by some other process.

Example-



Here


  • Process P1 holds resource R1 and waits for resource R2 which is held by process P2.
  • Process P2 holds resource R2 and waits for resource R1 which is held by process P1.
  • None of the two processes can complete and release their resource.
  • Thus, both the processes keep waiting infinitely.

Conditions For Deadlock-

There are following 4 necessary conditions for the occurrence of deadlock-

  • Mutual Exclusion
  • Hold and Wait
  • No - Preemption
  • Circular Wait

1. Mutual Exclusion-


  • There must exist at least one resource in the system which can be used by only one process at a time.
  • If there exists no such resource, then deadlock will never occur.
  • Printer is an example of a resource that can be used by only one process at a time


2. Hold and Wait-
 

There must exist a process which holds some resource and waits for another resource held by some other process.

3. No Preemption-
 

  • Once the resource has been allocated to the process, it can not be preempted.
  • It means resource can not be snatched forcefully from one process and given to the other process.
  • The process must release the resource voluntarily by itself.


4. Circular Wait-
 
All the processes must wait for the resource in a cyclic manner where the last process waits for the resource held by the first process.





Here,

  • Process P1 waits for a resource held by process P2.
  • Process P2 waits for a resource held by process P3.
  • Process P3 waits for a resource held by process P4.
  • Process P4 waits for a resource held by process P1.
 

Important Note-

 
  • All these 4 conditions must hold simultaneously for the occurrence of deadlock.
  • If any of these conditions fail, then the system can be ensured deadlock free.

Wednesday 21 October 2020

Operating System Semaphore MCQ Questions

 


1. An un-interruptible unit is known as ____________

a) single

b) atomic

c) static

d) none of the mentioned


2. Semaphore is a/an _______ to solve the critical section problem.

a) hardware for a system

b) special program for a system

c) integer variable

d) none of the mentioned



3. If the semaphore value is negative ____________

a) its magnitude is the number of processes waiting on that semaphore

b) it is invalid

c) no operation can be further performed on it until the signal operation is performed on it

d) none of the mentioned



4. The code that changes the value of the semaphore is ____________

a) remainder section code

b) non – critical section code

c) critical section code

d) none of the mentioned


5. The following program consists of 3 concurrent processes and 3 binary semaphores. The semaphores are initialized as S0 = 1, S1 = 0, S2 = 0.



How many times will process P0 print ‘0’?

(A) At least twice

(B) Exactly twice

(C) Exactly thrice

(D) Exactly once






Tuesday 13 October 2020

Language Across Curriculum

 

1. What is the main language skill?


A - Writing, Listing

B - Reading

C - To Speak

D - All of The Above



2. What are the main Elements of language?


A - Sound

B - The Signal

C - Symbol

D - All of The Above



3. Should there be a medium to teach language teaching to a child?


A - National Language

B - Mother Language

C - Second Language

D - Regional Language


4. Meaning of Mother Tongue?


A - Family Language

B - Mother Language

C - Father Language

D - All of The Above


5 - The main purpose of mother tongue is?


A - Mental Growth

B - Physical Development

C - Intellectual Development

D - All of The Above



Thursday 8 October 2020

Lesson plan, Mid-Day Meal, Teaching Aids

 


Lesson plan

A lesson plan is a document that outlines the content of your lesson step-by-step. A lesson plan is usually prepared in advance and can either cover a one-off activity, an entire lesson, a unit or course, a day, or a week

Some sections you might want to include in your lesson plan are:

Lesson activities

Lesson materials

Lesson objectives

Lesson goals

Lesson feedback



Mid-day Meal Scheme

Launched in 1995


Teaching Aids

Teaching aids (TAs): Teaching aids are objects (such as a book, picture, or map) or devices (such as a DVD or computer) used by a teacher to enhance or enliven classroom instruction They could be audiovisual teaching aids such as videos and guest lectures or tactile like 3D models.

Teaching Methodology Concepts




Teaching Methodology Concepts



What is CCE?

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation was a process of assessment, mandated by the Right to Education Act, of India in 2009.


Continuous and comprehensive evaluation refers to a student assessment system which covers all facets of education. According to a CBSE Concept Note on Conceptual Framework of CCE, “it is a developmental process of assessment which emphasises on (sic) two fold objectives: continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning and behavioural outcomes”.

Assessment processes.

The CCE process is made up of formative and summative assessment components.




Differences between formative and summative assessments


The evaluation takes place during the learning process.
Not during the process, but after it.


monitoring the learning process.
assign grades. achieved the learning goal or not.


improve student’s learning.
evaluate student’s achievements.



little content areas.
complete chapters or content areas.


Evaluation as a process. the teacher can see a student grow and steer the student in an upwards direction.

summative assessments or evaluations are considered to be more of a “product”.


Scholastic and co-scholastic Activities


The difference between scholastic and co-scholastic areas of assessment is below:


(i) Scholastic Areas of Assessment: These areas focus on oral and written class tests, cycle tests, activity tests and daily class performances of all subjects in order to improve writing and speaking skills.


(ii) Co-Scholastic Areas of Assessment: These areas focus on enhancing the skills of a student in general knowledge, environmental education, physical Education, art, music and dance and computers. These are assessed through quizzes, competitions and activities.


 
How many chapters does NCF 2005 have?


NCF 2005 is a document consisting of five chapters.

Who made NCF 2005?

The National Curriculum Framework is one of four National Curriculum Frameworks published in 1975, 1988, 2000 and 2005 by the National Council of Educational Research and Training NCERT in India.

NCF Years

1975
1988
2000
2005

Learning without Burden include in which NCF?

NCF 2005


Micro Teaching

Micro-teaching is a teacher training and faculty development technique.
Microteaching is a technique aiming to prepare teacher candidates to the real classroom setting
One teacher teach and other teacher observe

Skill of Micro Teaching

Skill of Introducing, Skill of Questioning, Skill of Explaining, Skill of Black-board Writing, and Skill of Achieving Closure.


Micro Teaching Time : (5-10 Mins)
Micro Teaching Students: (10-15)
Short Topic

Reinforcement

Reinforcement can be used to teach new skills, teach a replacement behavior for an interfering behavior, increase appropriate behaviors, or increase on-task behavior.
Reinforcement is used to promote learning and to draw the attention of the students. It also provides a greater motivation to the students.
There are two types of reinforcement, known as positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement; 

What is scaffolding in teaching?

Scaffolding refers to a variety of instructional techniques used to move students progressively toward stronger understanding and, ultimately, greater independence in the learning process.

Scaffolding helps students to become independent and self-regulating learners and problem solvers

Give mini-lessons.
Model/demonstrate.
Describe concepts in multiple ways.
Incorporate visual aids.
Give students talk time.
During lessons, check for understanding.
Activate prior knowledge.
Front-load concept-specific vocabulary.


National Policy on Education Years
1968
1986
1992
2020

The main objective of NCF 2005 are as follows:

Education of girl child.
Early childhood education.
Implementation of the national curriculum framework.
Vocational education.
Improvement in teacher education.
Improvement of thought of students.
Competitive value of education.


Quality of good teacher:

Strong Communicators
Listen Well
Focus on Collaboration
Adaptable
Engaging
Show Empathy
Have Patience
Real-World Learning
Share Best Practices
Lifelong Learners
Effective Teaching


RTE
Right to Education Act

1. Compulsory and free education for all
2. The benchmark mandate
3. Special provisions for special cases
4. Quantity and quality of teachers
5. Zero tolerance against discrimination and harassment
6. Ensuring all round development of children
7. Improving learning outcomes to minimise detention
8. Monitoring compliance of RTE norms
9.Creating inclusive spaces for all





Wednesday 7 October 2020

Operating System MCQ

 


Which of the following is not an operating system?

  1. Windows
  2. Linux
  3. Oracle
  4. DOS

What is the maximum length of the filename in DOS?

  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 8
  4. 12

When was the first operating system developed?

  1. 1948
  2. 1949
  3. 1950
  4. 1951

When were MS windows operating systems proposed?

  1. 1994
  2. 1990
  3. 1992
  4. 1985

What else is a command interpreter called?

  1. prompt
  2. kernel
  3. shell
  4. command

What is the full name of FAT?

  1. File attribute table
  2. File allocation table
  3. Font attribute table
  4. Format allocation table

BIOS is used?

  1. By operating system
  2. By compiler
  3. By interpreter
  4. By application software

What is the mean of the Booting in the operating system?

  1. Restarting computer
  2. Install the program
  3. To scan
  4. To turn off

Which is the Linux operating system?

  1. Private operating system
  2. Windows operating system
  3. Open-source operating system
  4. None of these

What is the full name of the DSM?

  1. Direct system module
  2. Direct system memory
  3. Demoralized system memory
  4. Distributed shared memory

Tuesday 29 September 2020

3 - Creating an Inclusive School MCQ for B.Ed., CTET and Teaching Pedagogy

 

3 - Creating an Inclusive School MCQ for B.Ed., CTET and Teaching Pedagogy



1:- The world ‘DPEP’ stands for


1.      District primary Education Programme

2.      Disabled project Education programme 

3.      District project Education programme

4.      Disabled primary Education programme


2:- The world ‘CABE’ stands for


1.      Central Advisory Bureau of Education

2.      Central Assignment Bureau of Education

3.      Central Advisory Board of Education

4.      Common Advisory Board of Education



3: - What is the form of ‘PIED’?


1.      Project Integrated Education for the Disabled

2.      People Integrated Education for the Disabled

3.      Project Implemented Education for the Disabled

4.      Project Integrated Education for the Draft


4: - DDRC stands for:


1.      District Disability Rehabilitation Centers

2.      Delhi Disability Rehabilitation Centers

3.      District disability rehabilitation council

4.      None of these


5: -What is inclusive classroom?


1.      One every student participates

2.      One in which the student population is culturally diverse

3.      One in which students with and without disabilities work and learn together

4.      One with many teachers



6: -Which year is considered as the International year of Disabled persons?


1.      1989

2.      1986

3.      1981

4.      1990






1:

District Primary Education Program (DPEP) was launched by the Government of India in 1994 with the objectives of providing primary school access for all children, reducing overall dropout rates and to achieve the objective of universalisation of primary education in India.


DPEP is a centrally sponsored scheme, and as per the financial allocations 85% of the project cost is shared by Government of India (GOI) and 15% has to be from the budgets of respective State governments


Sunday 27 September 2020

1-Creating an Inclusive School

 


Creating an Inclusive School

 

Q1. What is inclusive classroom?

1.      One every student participates

2.      One in which the student population is culturally diverse

3.      One in which students with and without disabilities work and learn together

4.      One with many teachers

Q2. The world ‘DPEP’ stands for

1.      District primary Education Programme

2.      Disabled project Education programme 

3.      District project Education programme

4.      Disabled primary Education programme


Q3.Which year is considered as the International year of Disabled persons?

1.      1989

2.      1986

3.      1981

4.      1990


Q4. Which Act replaced the Lunacy Act of 1912?

1.      The Mental Health Act, 1987

2.      Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995

3.      Right to education Act, 2009

4.      The Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992


Q5. Which comprehensive act covers sense disabilities namely blindness, low vision, hearing impaired, locomotor impaired, mental retardation, leprosy aired and mental illness?

1.      Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995

2.      The Mental Health Act, 1987

3.      Right to Education Act, 2009

4.      The Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992


Q6. The world ‘CABE’ stands for

1.      Central Advisory Bureau of Education

2.      Central Assignment Bureau of Education

3.      Central Advisory Board of Education

4.      Common Advisory Board of Education

 

Q7. In which year, did the Indian Government formulate the National policy on Education for all government schools and articulate a need to integrate students with disabilities?

1.      1966

2.      1967

3.      1968

4.      1969


Q8. When was the policy “National Policy for persons with disabilities” realized by ministry of social Justice & Empowerment of India?

1.      10th February, 2006

2.      10th February, 2005

3.      10th February, 2006

4.      10th February, 2005


Q9. What is the form of ‘PIED’?

1.      Project Integrated Education for the Disabled

2.      People Integrated Education for the Disabled

3.      Project Implemented Education for the Disabled

4.      Project Integrated Education for the Draft


Q10. Education of children with special needs should be provided

1.      By methods developed for special children in special schools.

2.      In special Schools

3.      By special teachers in special school

4.      Along with other normal children


Q11. Inclusive Education

1.      Includes teachers from marginalized group

2.      Celebrated diversity in the classroom

3.      Encourages strict admission procedures

4.      Includes indoctrination of facts


Q12.The national trust act was implemented in the year

1.      1999

2.      2000

3.      2001

4.      2002

 

 Q13. Education of schools for all could be a tagline for which of the following?

1.      Cohesive education

2.      Inclusive education

3.      Cooperative education

4.      Exclusive education


Q14. Which among the following is a characteristic of a gifted child?

1.      Low I.Q score

2.      Decision making power & confident

3.      Unable to interact with others

4.      Incompatible with his mates


Q15. Which among the following is not the symptom of a maladjusted child?

1.      Nail biting

2.      Quarrelling with peers

3.      Emotionally mature

4.      Stammering

 

Q16. Gifted students will realize their potential when:

1.      They are given private coaching

2.      They learn with others

3.      They are segregated from other students

4.      They are tested frequently


Q17. Creative answer requires:

1.      Content based questions

2.      A highly disciplined classroom

3.      Open ended questions

4.      Directly taught and tested


Q18.Which is the best method to teach children with special needs?

1.      Demonstration by teacher involving students

2.      Discussion in the classroom involving maximum number of students

3.      Cooperative learning and peer tutoring

4.      Ability grouping for teaching

 

 Q19. Giftedness is due to:

1.      Genetic makeup

2.      Environmental motivation

3.      Both 1 and 2

4.      Psycho social factory


Q20. When Salamanca Statement was announced?

1.      June 1994

2.      August 1994

3.      September 1994

4.      October 1994


Q21. The teaching which affects maximum sense is called as?

1.      Reflective Teaching

2.      Whole Approach teaching

3.      Multisensory teaching

4.      All of the above

 

 Q22. Learning disabled children differ from mentally retarded children in that

1.      They have usually average intelligence

2.      They are able to learn in most areas

3.      They have learning difficulty in one area

4.      All of the above


Q23. Difficulty in recalling sequence of letter in words and frequent loss of visual memory is associated with

1.      Dyslexia

2.      Dyscalculia

3.      Dysgraphia

4.      Dyspraxia


Q24. Which of the following is a principle of inclusive education?

1.      The public school system is the foundation for inclusive education.

2.      All students have the right to receive a public education in the regular classroom.

3.      Inclusive education at all levels benefits students with special needs and their peers.

4.      All of these

 


Q25. National Policy for Persons with Disability was adopted in India in the year ________.

1.      2004

2.      2006

3.      2008

4.      2010


Q26. The Government of India formulated the ________ which deals with Physical, Educational & Economic Rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.

1.      National Policy for Persons with Disabilities

2.      Right to Education Act

3.      Composite regional centers

4.      Special Schools Act


Q27. Where is Salamanca?

1.      America

2.      Russia

3.      Spain

4.      Germany

 

Q28. The purpose of Salamanca meet was:

1.      Furthering the objectives of inclusive education

2.      Settling of new and separate schools for special children

3.      Both 1 and 2

4.      None of these


Q29. Which of the following proclamation were set by Salamanca Statement and action for framework?

1.      Every student should must get his basic education

2.      Every child has unique needs

3.      Education plan must be diverse

4.      All of these


Q30. He Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 is:

1.      An Act to give effect to the Proclamation on the Full Participation and Equality of the People with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region.

2.      An Act to give effect to the Proclamation to provide extra rights to the People with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region.

3.      Both 1 and 2

4.      None of these


Q31. Which of the following characteristics are found in a gifted children?

1.      Have large vocabulary

2.      Express curiosity

3.      Self critical

4.      All of these


Q32. Which of the following is not an educational provision for gifted children?

1.      Give them extra homework

2.      Accept their superiority

3.      Engage them in peer tutoring

4.      Arranged special school for gifted


Q33. Which of the following is not a cause for slow learner?

1.      Biological weakness

2.      Physical defects and diseases

3.      Eating junk food

4.      Poverty and economic conditions

 

Q34. Which of the following is the need of slow learners?

1.      Counseling service

2.      More practice

3.      Visual presentations

4.      All of these


Q35. A/An ______ is one who deviates from the normal child in mental, physical, emotional and social characteristics to an extent that he requires special educational services.

1.      Exceptional child

2.      Normal child

3.      Both 1 and 2

4.      None of these

Q36. Characteristic of visually impaired children:

1.      Language development

2.      Intellectual ability

3.      Social and work adjustment

4.      All of these

 

Q37. Which of the following is not a functional limitation of visually impaired children?

1.      Educational retardation

2.      Slow speech development

3.      Hearing problems

4.      Problem of social adjustment


Q38. Functional limitation of learning impairment children:

1.      Attention related limitation

2.      Auditory perceptual limitation

3.      Language related limitation

4.      All of these


Q39. DDRC stands for:

1.      District Disability Rehabilitation Centers

2.      Delhi Disability Rehabilitation Centers

3.      District disability rehabilitation council

4.      None of these

 

 Q40. The major frustration that children with hearing loss face in the classroom is:

1.      The inability to read the prescribed textbook

2.      The inability to participate in sports and games

3.      The inability to communicate or share information with other

4.      The inability to take examinations with other students


Q41. Special education requires, which of the following elements

1.      Special curriculum

2.      Trained professionals

3.      Infrastructures facilities

4.      All of these


Q42. Which type of education is practice of educating students with special needs in the regular classess during the specific time periods based on their skill?

1.      Mainstreaming education

2.      Exclusive education

3.      Inclusive education

4.      Integrated education

 

Q43. _______ Education is exclusion of all the students how are not able to fit in the curriculum or in school settings of any reason.

1.      Mainstreaming education

2.      Exclusive education

3.      Inclusive education

4.      Integrated education


Q44. Which of the following is not a type of Neurological disorder?

1.      Autism

2.      Alzheimer

3.      Tourette ‘Syndrome’

4.      Dyslexia


Q45. RTE – 2009 at ACT is based on which article of constitution of India?

1.      Article 45

2.      Article 43

3.      Article 15

4.      Article 73

 

Q46. According to the act, children of which age group will be provided free and compulsory education

1.      7 years to 14 years

2.      6 years to 14 years

3.      Up to 14 years

4.      Up to 10 years


Q47. Elementary education covers education from _____  class to ______  class.

1.      1 to class 5

2.      1 to class 8

3.      6 to class 8

4.      All of the above


Q48. As per the act, private and specified category schools shall admit, ________% children belonging to weaker section and disadvantaged group, in class I.

1.      20%

2.      30%

3.      40%

4.      25%

 

Q49. In order to improve learning of children admitted in the age appropriate classes and bring them to level of their class mates, there is a provision of.

1.      Remedial teaching

2.      Special training

3.      Multi-grade teaching

4.      All of the above


Q50. As per the provisions of RtE the nodal academic authority of the state will be

1.      DIET

2.      SCERT/SIERT

3.      RIE

4.      NCERT